ABSTRACT
Thermal hydraulics takes into account the temperature variation of a liquid as it flows through the pipeline. This is in contrast to isothermal hydraulics, where there is no significant temperature variation in the liquid. In previous chapters we have concentrated on water pipelines, refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, etc.) and other light crude oil pipelines where the liquid temperature was close to ambient temperature. In many cases where heavy crude oil and other liquids of high viscosity have to be pumped, the liquid is heated to some temperature (such as 150°F to 180°F) prior to being pumped through the pipeline. In this chapter we explore how calculations are performed in thermal hydraulics.
