Introduction

Environmental management will be most effective if it takes the form of a multi-instrument and a multitarget approach. This means that the many instruments for environmental management that were examined in Volume 1, such as environmental planning, environmental reporting, auditing, impact assessment and life-cycle analysis to name only a few, should be used to deal with environmental problems in the different environmental compartments and in the distinct sectors within human societies on this planet. Moreover, several instruments for environmental management need to be adopted in different ways and combinations, depending on the ecosystem in which the environmental problems occur and depending on the specific set of environmental stressors that need to be taken into account.