Shallow Cycling Groundwater, its Tagging by Sea Spray, and the Underlying Zone of Static Groundwater.

The unconfined groundwater geosystem extends over all the continents, covering around one-third of the Earth’s surface. The number of different groundwater chemical and isotopic compositions, temperature values, ages, and modes of occurrence is countless. Yet the principles of flow in this geo system are simple; surface water and groundwater flow are propelled by the vertically downward pull of terrestrial gravity, restricted by the availability of free space to flow in. Surface water and through-flowing groundwater are tagged by sea spray, whereas the main water-rock interactions are CO2 induced.