Southern Africa

In 1963 Kenya became independent; a white-backed secession in Zaire’s mineral-rich Katanga province (now Shaba) was ended by United Nations action (32); and Britain dissolved the Central African Federation that it had created in 1953. The federation had united Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia – today’s Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Malawi and Zambia became independent in 1964.