ABSTRACT
Sudan, formerly an Anglo-Egyptian condominium (in practice ruled by the British), became independent in 1956. The dominance of its Arabized Muslim north has long been resisted by the south’s black Africans. In 1983 Islamic laws were imposed on the south; a new revolt began, and by 1990 the rebels held most of the south. In 1991 they split, on tribal lines; this inter-tribal conflict continued until 1995. By then the war and consequent famine had caused over a million deaths. In 1996 rebels backed by Eritrea and Ethiopia began to launch attacks in north-east Sudan.
