ABSTRACT
In practical situations, axial tension or compression is probably the simplest form of deformation. This type of deformation is characterized by the following:
• The action line of the resultant of applied forces coincides with the axis of the member. • Under the axial force, normal stress develops on cross-sections. • Under the axial force, the deformation of the member is dominated by either axial
elongation or axial shortening with associated contraction or expansion, respectively, in the lateral direction.
