ABSTRACT
The artificiality of the division between tactical and strategic intelligence in ancient warfare which we adopted for convenience in chapters 2 and 3 must here be restated. When we came to consider how Roman intelligence developed in practice, the two shaded imperceptibly into each other. Nevertheless, it is clear that, by contrast with the uniformity of the tactical end of the spectrum, the strategic end showed considerable change over time. This reflects political rather than purely military changes in the Roman state and its neighbours over our period.
