ABSTRACT

Prior to 1921, there were no public schools in the modern sense of the word. Teaching or religious edification of young children was the job of the m callim "tradi­ tional teacher" or m calme "female counterpart of the former", kuttāb " l i t . literate per­ sons", matāwca3 "teachers of the Koran" and sometimes even malāli "Shī c i , religious preachers". All these were well versed in Qur'anic and religious matters. Their main job, as parents demanded, was to enable the young to learn basic Qur'anic suras, i.e., chapters, and to say their prayers by heart.