ABSTRACT
IslamicCaliphate.60GroupsofKharijites,ledbyNafi'albnal-Azraq, wenttoBasraandthenmovedontoal-Ahwazintheyear64A.H. Nafi'albnal-Azraqembracedrevolutionaryprinciplesthatrevealed theintensityoftheangerthathefelttowardshisopponents.He allowedhimselfandhisfollowerstotakeeverythingthathis opponentshad,eventherightoflifeanddeath.Heseemedtobe defyingtheworldwithjustafewofhissupporterswhichledsomeof hisfollowerstoleavehim.Thosewhodissimulatedtheiropposition tohim,didsoadheringtotheprincipalof'toqiya'sothattheycould livealongsidetheirfellowcitizens.Thesementookanotherleader, NajdaIbn'Amiral-Hanafi.NajdaandhisgrouptookrefugeinalYamamawherehehadtribalkinwhowouldbackhimwithoutcare forhisreligiousconvictions.Alsothereweremanygroupstherewho weredissatisfiedwiththestateforvariousreasons.
