A View from Below: Who is Responsible for Our Sufferings?: "Atek-lu" (those from above) or "Auk-lu" (those from below)?

Introduction The military governments in Burma have implemented four major agricultural projects: the High Yielding Variety Promotion (1976-82), the Partial Liberalization (1987-present), the Summer Paddy Program (1992-present), and Land Reclamation Policy (1991-present). Some of these policies are welcomed by farmers from different parts of the country, while other policies generate negative repercussions in the rural areas. Farmers’ supports for central and local authorities also vary depending on how these agricultural policies are implemented at the grass roots level.