ABSTRACT
Mass movements are also a major hazard of the waste mounds associated with extractive industries. As Nir (1983) has pointed out, "the dumping will be carried out as cheaply as possible, the frictional forces of the usually loose material may be quite low, yielding a precarious equilibrium prone to disrupture by environmental factors". Again, the occurrence of such waste mounds close to centres of population signifies the need for safe design of these artificial hillslopes.
