ABSTRACT
Human beings occupy a range of identities. How should we consider the service needs of black and minority ethnic groups who have settled in European countries as a result of colonial, economic migration or refugee background? Should we define them by their religion alone or their language and culture or their political and economic position? These things are not straightforward since they assume homogeneity as well as a view that the ‘majority’ play no part in the determination of minorities’ position. A focus on minorities’ language, culture, religion or just the experience of racism will produce specific service outcomes. However, the realities of human beings are shaped by several factors and our focus is to look at how religion works in the context of racism for racial minorities.
