ABSTRACT
Reasoning consists of many different skills: the abilities to think coherently, to comprehend instructions and advice, to understand the difference between unsupported claims and arguments, to recognize when unsupported claims need support, and to marshall support from general background knowledge or from new investigations. Reasoning also includes formulating problems and figuring out their solutions, drawing conclusions from premises, designing thought experiments or real experiments that can test claims, formulating and using principles to evaluate arguments, seeing the force of counterexamples, making judgments of information's relevance, as well as surveying and assessing possible outcomes of decisions and plans.
