ABSTRACT
Field dependence/independence (FD/I) is the most extensively researched cognitive control. Research on FD/I began over 40 years ago, and it remains among the most prescriptive of learning and instructional outcomes. FD/I describes the extent to which:
the surrounding framework dominates the perception of items within it,
the surrounding organized field influences a person’s perception of items within it,
a person perceives part of the field as a discrete form,
the organization of the prevailing field determines the perception of its components, or
a person perceives analytically.
