The Finnish miracle of PISA

The Swedish sociologist of education Donald Broady (1987) opens his book Den Dolda läroplanen (The Hidden Curriculum) as follows:

A professional disease among teachers is the tendency to individualize and psychologize problems. In other words, they look for reasons first of all in their own (or their pupils’ or principal’s) personalities, and are thereby blind to the factors that define and limit the action possibilities of teachers (and pupils).