ABSTRACT

Learners are agents with “ability to control their actions and, through them, events in the external world” (Haggard & Tsakiris, 2009, p. 242). As agents, learners engage in goal-directed self-regulated learning (SRL), testing and adapting (regulating) tactics and strategies to improve their effectiveness. This has profound implications for designing research on learning and for engineering artifacts to promote learning (Winne, 2010, 2011; Winne & Hadwin, in press).