ABSTRACT
Americans of color had no role in making the Constitution or early amendments, nor have they had a significant role in most major judicial fi rulings since the Constitution's making. In regard to many racial issues and other societal issues the viewpoints of Americans of color should be of at least equal importance to those of the white politicians, judges, media commentators, or public. The major carriers of a vital liberty-and-justice frame are disproportionately African Americans and other Americans of color, a frame often seen in their protests against discrimination. To create the reality of real democracy with this broad array of human rights will ultimately require a substantial destruction of the persisting system of oppression, including its racial hierarchy and rationalizing racial frame. A broad framing of human rights rejects the primacy of particular nationstates and accents instead the global citizenship of all.
