ABSTRACT
Quantitative data are always numerical in kind. They can either be numbers that have a certain intrinsic meaning of numerical scores. This chapter offers an introductory guide to researchers who are new to using quantitative data. The chapter discusses the t-test, regression analysis, variance analysis, factor analysis and the construction of scales. Regression analysis and factor analysis in particular, are frequently applied in Public Administration and Public Management research with quantitative data. A t-test measures whether the difference found between two scores. It is systematic, and unlikely to be caused by random factors such as coincidental circumstances, interference by other variables. A positive linear relation means to say that an increase in the independent variable leads to an increase in the dependent variable. Such a relation can be expressed in a so-called regression function. The chapter concludes by listing a few points worthy of consideration with respect to the reliability and validity of quantitative data.
