ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the two most common forms of research instrument: surveys and interviews. Surveys and interviews generally lie on a continuum, with surveys being at the more structured end and interviews at the less structured end. The cover letter doubles as a consent form, especially in mailed surveys where consent is implied if people return the questionnaires. Good questionnaires are structured similarly to good conversations. Initially, it is important to establish rapport with the respondent by asking enjoyable, interesting questions that are not too difficult, challenging or personal. For mail surveys, most researchers advise printing on one side of each page only, because people often miss the second page on the back of another. In the case of interviews, researchers often contact potential respondents by telephone after the initial letter or approach is made, to seek consent and arrange a time for the interview.
