ABSTRACT
Throughout the history of capitalist globalization, both the making and the maintenance of national borders have proven to be integral to the material and ideological practices of power. National borders have been organized through a set of institutionalized relationships based on the law, the market and extant social relations of ‘race’, class and gender within and across variously imagined spaces. National borders remain significant to such relations within the contemporary period of neoliberal reforms. Such reforms since the 1970s have resulted in the Global North creating greater fortifications against increasingly impoverished people who are attempting to leave sites in the Global South or Eastern Europe.1
