ABSTRACT
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AFL, an organized macroreentrant arrhythmia, often presents as paroxysmal, short episodes ranging from seconds to hours; however, it can also present as sustained and persistent.5 The atria usually contract at a rate of 250-350 beats per minute (bpm) while in AFL.6 The ventricular rate is generally a 2:1 ratio. A 1:1 ratio can be seen in cases where the atrial rate is relatively slower or when atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction is enhanced due to increased sympathetic tone or anticholinergic medications.7
