ABSTRACT
The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been the major breakthrough in male infertility treatment since the introduction of in vitro fertilization (IVF) itself. This novel technique has made it possible successfully to treat men with severe oligospermia or azoospermia who were otherwise doomed to permanent sterility. Perhaps the greatest measure of the success of this procedure has been its application – in combination with microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (TESE) – in men with non-obstructive azoospermia and in men with Klinefelter’s syndrome1,2.
