ABSTRACT
Laparoscopic surgery has become an integral part of urology in recent years, and its application to the ureter has become increasingly widespread. The principles of laparoscopic surgical approaches to pyeloplasty, pyelolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, retrocaval ureter, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, ureteroneocystostomy, and transureteroureterostomy in adult patients are discussed in this chapter.
