ABSTRACT
The waving procedure is a very delicate process since while the disulfide bonds are broken, the hair shaft is vulnerable and can be easily broken. Factors that may produce hair breakage include sudden changes in the temperature and mechanical trauma. Hair damage is usually caused by overperming, poor neutralization or formation of new incomplete bonds due to shampooing the night or a few days after the procedure. Hair breakage occurs close to the scalp and usually happens a few days after perming (Figures 22.1-22.5).
