ABSTRACT
Percutaneous VSD Closure Anatomy/embryology considerations. VSDs are considered the most common cardiac abnormalities found in children, accounting for approximately 30% of all defects (1,2).
VSDs may be located in four different positions according to the Kirklin classification (3). Membranous VSDs are the most common (representing 75%), followed by the muscular type, which represents 10% to 15%. Rare acquired causes of VSD include a defect following traumatic injury to the chest or myocardial infarction. Acquired VSDs are encountered in 0.2% of all myocardial infarction patients.
