ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Contrast agents used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory are effective in the radiographic visualization of the cardiac chambers and/or the coronary and peripheral vasculature. However, these agents are associated with potential adverse effects. Therefore, they have been modified over the years to allow for the most effective imaging at the lowest potential toxicity. This chapter will discuss the types of contrast agents, their toxicity, and the evidence-based methods designed to prevent adverse effects.
