ABSTRACT
Genetic manipulation as a form of performance enhancement is, at the time
of writing this, still a theoretical rather than a proven issue. The possibility of
advances in genetic technology being applied in sports has been recognized by the
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2001. The current 2010 regulations
defi ne gene doping as follows:
The following, with the potential to enhance athletic performance, are
prohibited:
1 the transfer of cells or genetic elements (e.g. DNA, RNA);
2 the use of pharmacological or biological agents that alter gene
expression.
