ABSTRACT
Following the Second World War and through the1950s and 1960s, most of the colonized countries aained their independence from the colonizing nations in Europe, mainly Britain, France, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. Nevertheless, it was not until the 50s that post-colonialism emerged when Frantz Fanon (1925-1961), a psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer from the Caribbean island of Martinique, along with pioneering fellow citizen Aimé Césaire, started working out a more complex understanding of colonialism and its implications. In 1952, Fanon published Black Skin, White Masks, with Césaire adding Discourse of Colonialism in 1955. Albert Memmi, the Tunisian-Jewish theorist, contributed to the ongoing post-colonial conversation with his The Colonizer and the Colonized in 1957. In 1961, Fanon added The Wretched of the Earth. From the mid-1950s into the 1960s, revolutionary anti-colonial rhetoric and discourse on race and class, through the sharp interrogation of nationalist discourse and politics, gradually made way for an inclusive mode of inquiry now known as Postcolonial Studies.
