ABSTRACT
Left realism is not like the theoretically integrated approaches discussed previously in this fourth part of the book for it is not really an attempt to integrate and synthesise elements from different theories in order to provide a stronger comprehensive theoretical tool. It is more recognition of the validity of explanatory elements contained in each of the three models of crime and criminal behaviour that we have so far encountered, and their practical value as part of a comprehensive strategy for understanding and responding to crime both at a macro societal level and at the level of practice. There is, nevertheless, a predominant emphasis on sociological explanations of criminality with recently more focus on developing an integrated theory synthesising traditions such as labelling and subcultural theories and bringing them together within a socialist feminist framework that stresses class and gender inequality (see Mooney, 2000).
