ABSTRACT
This all implies a new complex and fragile process of governing through negotiation, bargaining, and other relationships of exchange rather than through command, coercion or normative appeals for support. Thus, in order to accomplish and sustain political authority, would-be political leaders have to appreciate their ‘power-dependence’ on others and recruit and retain sufficient supporters to maintain a governing coalition (Rhodes, 1997). A criminological example is the attempt to control crime through partnerships of statutory, commercial and voluntary organisations (Crawford, 1997). This multi-agency approach has accompanied official recognition of the limits to the state’s capacity to reduce crime, in particular the insufficiency of criminal justice, and the consequent need to enrol expertise and resources from nonstate actors including the ‘responsibilisation’ of private citizens for their own security (Garland, 2001).
