ABSTRACT
The notion of risk society in general is discussed by Beck (1992) and the significance of this analysis for controlling crime and the notion of governance with the decline of the sovereign state by Garland (1996). For an excellent discussion of ‘actuarial justice’ and ‘risk society’ as applied to criminal justice see O’Malley (1992), Feeley and Simon (1994) and Ericson and Haggerty (1997). Giddens (1994, 1998) attempts to square the circle between, the postmodern condition (for him, late modernity), left realism and the ‘third way’ political strategy of New Labour. Hopkins Burke (2004a) discusses the pervasiveness of multi-agency ‘policing’ in contemporary societies and apparently contradictory demands for security and human rights. Hopkins Burke (2008) discusses the emergence and establishment of contemporary youth justice system in the context of risk society. Findlay (2000) provides an excellent introduction to the globalisation of crime and criminality and Ruggerio (2005) provides an equally fine socio-criminological discussion of terrorism.
