ABSTRACT

This volume examines British policy towards the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979.

The documents in this volume, many released into the public realm for the first time, describe the development of British policy towards the Soviet Union during the eventful years 1979-1982. The new Conservative government, under Margaret Thatcher, was determined to strengthen British defences against the perceived Soviet threat and advocated a strong response to the Soviet intervention. East-West relations further deteriorated following the imposition of martial law in Poland in December 1981. The dilemma facing the British government was how to express strong disapproval of Soviet actions while still attempting to maintain a constructive bilateral relationship, and at the same time keep British policy in line with the Western Alliance. The death of President Brezhnev in November 1982, after 18 years in office, brought uncertainty but also new opportunities for relations with the Soviets.

This book will be of much interest to students of British politics and foreign policy, Russian history, US foreign policy, Central Asian politics, and IR in general.

part |292 pages

7 December 1979 – 1 December 1981

chapter |5 pages

Lord Carrington (FCO) to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 7 December 19791

Confidential (FCO 28/3683, EN 021/2)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Mallaby to Mr Braithwaite (Planning Staff), 21 December 1979

Confidential (FCO 28/3683, EN 021/2)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Hillier-Fry (Kabul) to Lord Carrington, 27 December 1979, 5.13 a.m.1

Tel. No. 284 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Lankester (No. 10) to Mr Lever, 28 December 1979

Secret (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |1 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 29 December 1979, 12.55 a.m.1

Tel. No. 4394 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |3 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 29 December 1979, 12.56 a.m.1

Tel. No. 4395 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |1 pages

Lord Carrington to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 29 December 1979, 1.29 a.m.1

Tel. No. 800 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |1 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 29 December 1979, 5.31 p.m.1

Tel. No. 4401 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |2 pages

FCO Briefing Paper on Afghanistan, 29 December 19791

Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |2 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 30 December 1979, 9.30 a.m.1

Tel. No. 872 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |9 pages

Record of a meeting held in the FCO, 31 December 1979, 10 a.m.1

Confidential (FCO 37/2236, FSA 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Hurd to Lord Carrington, 31 December 1979

Secret (FO 37/2135, FSA 020/9)

chapter |2 pages

Sir C. Rose (UKDEL NATO) to Lord Carrington, 1 January 1980, 5.15 p.m.1

Tel. No. 2 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2236, FSA 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Lord Carrington to Mrs Thatcher, 2 January 1980

PM/80/1 Secret (FCO 37/2240, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 3 January 1980, 7 p.m.1

Guidance Tel. No. 2 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2236, FSA 020/1)

chapter |3 pages

Lord Carrington to Sir N. Henderson (Washington), 3 January 1980, 7.40 p.m.1

Flash Tel. No. 17 Secret (FCO 28/3996, EN 021/1)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Hillier-Fry (Kabul) to Lord Carrington, 5 January 1980, 11.40 a.m.1

Tel. No. 12 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2238, FSA 020/1)

chapter |4 pages

Mr Hillier-Fry (Kabul) to Lord Carrington, 5 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 37/2243, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Sir C. Rose (UKDEL NATO) to Lord Carrington, 7 January 1980, 4.40 p.m.1

Flash Tel. No. 11 Confidential (FCO 37/2238, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Mallaby to Mr White, 7 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 37/2239, FSA 020/1)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 7 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/4194, ENS 014/2)

chapter |1 pages

Submission from Mr Mallaby to Mr Fergusson, 7 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/4196, ENS 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Alexander (No. 10) to Mr Lyne, 8 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 13/966, PC 295/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Lord Carrington to Mrs Thatcher, 8 January 1980

PM/80/4 Confidential (FCO 28/3997, EN 021/1)

chapter |3 pages

Letter from Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Fergusson, 9 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/3996, EN 021/1)

chapter |2 pages

Sir C. Rose (UKDEL NATO) to Lord Carrington, 9 January 1980, 3.15 p.m.1

Tel. No. 20 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2240, FSA 020/1)

chapter |3 pages

Letter from Mr Weston (Washington) to Mr Mallaby, 10 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/3984, EN 020/4)

chapter |2 pages

FCO to Mr Lucas (Muscat), 11 January 1980, 7.34 p.m.1

Tel. No. 99 Immediate, Secret (FCO 13/967, PC 295/1)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to FCO, 11 January 1980, 11.31 a.m.1

Tel. No. 30 Immediate, Secret (FCO 28/3997, EN 021/1)

chapter |3 pages

Minute from Mr Murrell (Research Department) to Mr Mallaby, 11 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/3998, EN 021/1)

chapter |2 pages

FCO to Sir A. Parsons (UKMIS New York), 11 January 1980, 7 p.m.1

Tel. No. 46 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2241, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from Mr Alexander (No. 10) to Mr Lyne, 14 January 1980

Confidential, Secret (FCO 49/893, RS 021/6)

chapter |4 pages

Draft Planning Staff Paper on lessons from Afghanistan, 15 January 19801

Confidential (FCO 49/893, RS 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Rose (UKDEL NATO) to FCO, 16 January 1980, 10.10 a.m.1

Tel. No. 39 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2244, FSA 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Heseltine (DoE) to Lord Carrington, 16 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 37/2244, FSA 020/1)

chapter |3 pages

Letter from Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Mallaby, 16 January 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/3998, EN 021/1)

chapter |4 pages

Minute from Lord Carrington to Mrs Thatcher, 19 January 19801

PM/80/5 Secret (FCO 13/967, PC 295/1)

chapter |2 pages

Note by the Planning Staff on Action on Afghanistan, 28 January 1980

Secret (FCO 49/893, RS 021/6)

chapter |2 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 30 January 1980, 6.01 a.m.

Tel. No. 94 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 28/4196, ENS 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Mallaby to Mr Fergusson, 1 February 1980

Secret (FCO 49/894, RS 021/7)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Lord Carrington to Mrs Thatcher, 1 February 1980

PM/80/8 Secret (PREM 19/136)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 8 February 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/3987, EN 020/7)

chapter |1 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 13 February 1980, 4.35 p.m.1

Tel. No. 696 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 37/2263, FSA 021/2)

chapter |2 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 16 February 1980, 8.45 p.m.1

Tel. No. 749 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 13/973, PC 295/1)

chapter |1 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 22 February 1980, 6.30 p.m.

Guidance Tel. No. 20 Restricted (FCO 13/976, PC 295/1)

chapter |3 pages

Letter from Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Fergusson, 27 February 1980

Confidential (FCO 37/2250, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from Mrs Thatcher to President Carter, 3 March 1980

Confidential (PREM 19/137)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from President Carter to Mrs Thatcher, 17 March 1980

Secret (FCO 37/2251, FSA 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from Sir D. Maitland1 to Sir N. Henderson (Washington), 24 March 19802

Confidential (FCO 49/893, RS 021/6)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Johnson to Mr Mallaby, 15 April 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/4005, EN 021/1)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Mallaby to Mr Bullard, 19 May 1980

Secret (FCO 28/4005, EN 021/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Mallaby to Mr Braithwaite, 20 May 1980

Secret (FCO 49/895, RS 021/7)

chapter |2 pages

Lord Carrington to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 3 June 1980, 9.40 a.m.1

Tel. No. 342 Priority, Confidential (FCO 28/4006, EN 021/1)

chapter |3 pages

Extract from minutes of the Cabinet Defence and Oversea Policy Committee, 5 June 1980

OD(80) 15th Meeting Secret (CAB 148/189)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 11 June 1980, 2.31 p.m.1

Tel. No. 402 Priority, Confidential (FCO 28/4006, EN 021/1)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Bullard, 17 June 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/4008, EN 021/2)

chapter |2 pages

Letter from Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Bullard, 25 June 19801

Confidential (FCO 37/2259, FSA 020/8)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 2 July 1980, 1.41 p.m.1

Tel. No. 457 Priority, Confidential (FCO 28/4006, EN 021/1)

chapter |4 pages

Letter from Mr Fergusson to Mr Brooke Turner (Moscow), 21 July 19801

Confidential (FCO 28/4009, EN 021/2)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Wood (Moscow) to Mr Johnson, 3 September 1980

Confidential (FCO 28/4195, ENS 015/1)

chapter |3 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 8 September 1980, 6 p.m.

Guidance Tel. No. 95 Confidential (FCO 28/4009, EN 021/2)

chapter |1 pages

Sir A. Parsons (UKMIS New York) to FCO, 24 September 1980,1

Tel. No. 1341 Immediate, Confidential (FCO 58/1998, UNP 026/3)

chapter |4 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 7 January 1981

Confidential (ENS 014/2)

chapter |2 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 3 February 1981

Guidance Tel. No. 15 Confidential (ENS 020/1)

chapter |3 pages

Minute from Sir John Graham to Mr Humfrey1, 12 February 1981

Confidential (FSA 021/3)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 5 March 1981

Confidential (ENS 011/1)

chapter |6 pages

Letter from Mr Alexander (No. 10) to Mr Walden, 9 March 1981

Confidential (PREM: UK-Soviet Relations)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Walden to Mr Alexander (No. 10), 16 March 1981

Confidential (ENS 026/2)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Bullard to Mr Burns, 28 March 1981

Confidential (ENS 020/2)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mrs Thatcher to President Brezhnev, 3 April 19811

T 59/81 Confidential (PREM: UK-Soviet Relations)

chapter |2 pages

FCO to Sir J. Taylor (Bonn), 23 April 1981, 2 p.m.1

Tel. No. 164 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 020/11)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Lord Carrington to Mrs Thatcher, 20 May 19811

PM/81/28 Confidential (FSA 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Sir M. Palliser to Mr Walden, 29 May 1981

Confidential (ENS 020/12)

chapter |2 pages

Submission from Mr Broomfield to Mr Fergusson, 2 June 1981

Confidential (ENS 026/2)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Lyne to Mr Alexander (No. 10), 9 June 1981

Confidential (EN 021/6)

chapter |2 pages

Submission from Mr Broomfield to Mr Fergusson, 11 June 1981

Confidential (ENS 026/2)

chapter |2 pages

Lord Carrington to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 15 June 1981, 10.30 a.m.1

Tel. No. 365 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 026/2)

chapter |1 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 24 June 1981, 4.30 p.m.1

Tel. No. 81 Priority, Restricted (FSA 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 25 June 1981, 2.10 p.m.

Tel. No. 373 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 026/2)

chapter |2 pages

Lord Carrington to HM Representatives Overseas, 21 July 1981, 3.53 p.m.

Tel. No. 95 Confidential (FSA 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Sir A. Parsons (UKMIS New York) to FCO, 23 September 1981, 4.35 a.m.1

Tel. No. 895 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 020/13)

chapter |6 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 29 September 1981

Confidential (ENS 014/1)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 27 October 1981, 6.45 a.m.1

Tel. No. 657 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 020/13)

chapter |2 pages

Mr Brooke Turner (Moscow) to Mr Broomfield, 12 November 1981

Confidential (ENS 014/1)

part |140 pages

17 December 1981 – 9 December 1982

chapter |2 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 2 January 1982, 5.40 p.m.1

Tel. No. 3 Immediate, Secret (RS 014/2)

chapter |1 pages

Lord Carrington to Sir N. Henderson (Washington), 18 January 1982, 4.15 p.m.1

Tel. No. 59 Immediate, Secret (RS 014/2)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Goodison to Mr Bullard, 20 January 1982

Confidential (RS 014/2)

chapter |3 pages

Sir N. Henderson (Washington) to Lord Carrington, 23 January 1982, 1.25 a.m.1

Tel. No. 206 Immediate, Confidential (RS 014/2)

chapter |2 pages

FCO to Sir N. Henderson (Washington), 29 January 1982, 6.50 p.m.1

Tel. No. 154 Immediate, Secret (RS 014/2)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Heap to Mr Adams, 3 February 19821

Confidential (ENS 163/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Bullard to Mr Broomfield, 19 February 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |2 pages

Submission from Mr Broomfield to Mr Goodison, 2 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Goodison to Mr Bullard, 2 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Mr Bullard to Mr Macgregor, 4 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 4 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |3 pages

Mr Broomfield to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 9 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 014/3)

chapter |5 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Lord Carrington, 11 March 19821

Confidential (EN 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Lord Trefgarne to Lord Carrington, 11 March 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Pym to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 15 April 1982, 4.31 p.m.1

Tel. No. 210 Priority, Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Brooke Turner (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 17 April 1982, 10 a.m.1

Tel. No. 202 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |1 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 18 May 1982, 3.08 p.m.1

Tel. No. 286 Immediate, Confidential (DPN 083/18)

chapter |4 pages

Mr Bullard to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 26 May 1982

Confidential (EN 020/1)

chapter |2 pages

Mr Broomfield to Sir C. Keeble (Moscow), 24 June 1982

Confidential (ENS 014/3)

chapter |11 pages

Letter from Mr Thomas1 (Washington) to Sir J. Bullard, 27 August 19822

Confidential, Eclipse (EN 020/1)

chapter |1 pages

Minute from Sir J. Bullard to Mr Macgregor, 31 August 1982

Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |7 pages

Sir C. Keeble (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 8 September 1982

Confidential (ENS 014/7)

chapter |3 pages

Letter from Sir J. Bullard to Mr Thomas (Washington), 17 September 19821

Confidential, Eclipse (EN 021/1)

chapter |4 pages

Minute from Mr Pym to Mrs Thatcher, 27 September 1982

PM/82/79 Confidential (EN 021/31)

chapter |2 pages

Mr Thomson (UKMIS New York) to FCO, 28 September 1982, 10.10 p.m.1

Tel. No. 1483 Priority, Confidential (ENS 020/10)

chapter |2 pages

Minute from Mr Broomfield to Mr Jay, 6 October 19821

Confidential (ENS 014/7)

chapter |2 pages

Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 14 October 1982, 3.30 p.m.

Tel. No. 598 Immediate, Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |4 pages

Mr Pym to HM Representatives Overseas, 20 October 1982, 12 p.m.

Guidance Tel. No. 191 Restricted (ENS 163/1)

chapter |3 pages

Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 5 November 1982, 2.45 p.m.1

Tel. No. 665 Priority, Confidential (EN 021/15)

chapter |1 pages

Briefing note for Mr Pym, 11 November 19821

Confidential (ENS 010/4)

chapter |1 pages

Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow) to FCO, 15 November 1982, 9.43 a.m.1

Tel. No. 724 Immediate, Confidential (EN 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Pym to Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow), 15 November 1982, 10 p.m.1

Tel. No. 676 Priority, Confidential (ENS 010/4)

chapter |1 pages

Letter from Mr Coles (No. 10) to Mr Fall, 17 November 1982

Confidential (EN 021/6)

chapter |2 pages

Mr Pym to Sir N. Henderson (Washington), 18 November 1982, 7 p.m.1

Tel. No. 2037 Immediate, Confidential (EN 021/6)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Pym to Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow), 18 November 1982, 7 p.m.1

Tel. No. 691 Priority, Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |6 pages

Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 25 November 1982

Confidential (ENS 010/4)

chapter |1 pages

Mr Pym to Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow), 30 November 1982, 6 p.m.1

Tel. No. 717 Priority, Confidential (ENS 020/5)

chapter |7 pages

Sir I. Sutherland (Moscow) to Mr Pym, 9 December 1982

Confidential (ENS 014/3)