ABSTRACT
After being denigrated for centuries as primitive superstition and myth and marginalized for decades as pseudo-science, today Indigenous knowledge is finally getting some recognition and respect by the mainstream academy and Western science fields. Indigenous knowledge or “ways of knowing” refers to the multiple knowledge systems, epistemologies, worldviews, and traditional practices of the world’s roughly 370 million Indigenous peoples. Called variously Indigenous knowledge systems, traditional knowledge, native science, or traditional ecological knowledge, these rich, time-tested ways of knowing and interacting with the world are valid systems of knowledge that have sustained Indigenous and traditional cultures for millennia. Since colonial times, they have been ruptured and erased and until very recently have been severely marginalized intellectual traditions in the Western Eurocentric educational system and in Western sciences. But finally today they are beginning to be recognized as legitimate and compelling knowledge systems by some Euro-American educators and scientists. The terms “Indigenous Knowledge Systems” (IKS), “Traditional Knowledge” (TK), and “Traditional Ecological Knowledge” (TEK) even have their own acronyms—definitely a sign of success in the mainstream academy. But these concepts are not just used in the academy; many native communities and organizations, from grassroots nonprofit organizations like the Indigenous Environmental Network to tribal government offices like the Navajo Nation, use these terms as well. TEK, in particular, as a knowledge-belief-practice concept, is getting a lot of attention these days.
The anthropological fascination and appreciation for Indigenous knowledge has successfully penetrated the popular imagination in recent years. It is now common to find sympathetic references to traditional ecological and cultural wisdom in miscellaneous media, from movies to children’s storybooks, from alternative medicine propaganda to New Age religious teachings.1
Indigenous knowledge systems are multi-dimensional and interconnected through different scales of knowing. TEK arises out of Indigenous science, which arises out of larger-scale knowledge systems https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203122280/dac64f9d-15c9-4d15-9379-050eaad6821e/content/fig10_1_C.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>