ABSTRACT
By the late summer of 1529, all the king’s plans were in tatters. He had hoped, of course, to achieve his annulment with a minimum of fuss, but an uncooperative Catherine of Aragon and an everchanging political situation in Europe had made a nonsense of such efforts. Henry could count on no help from Catherine herself; the idea that she would willingly go along with the divorce or that she would simply roll over without an appeal to Rome if presented with a fait accompli was always far-fetched.
