ABSTRACT
The previous chapter described the mechanisms by which the sensory feedback is integrated with CNS control systems to produce smooth and fluid locomotion. There are many situations that will challenge this homeostasis: growing, aging, injury to the central or peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal injury, walking on different terrains, etc. As locomotion is one of the key rhythmical movements for survival (together with breathing, chewing and reproduction), the nervous system requires mechanisms by which gait can remain functionally adapted. Globally, these mechanisms can be divided into two main categories: movement recalibration and skilled learning. Both require goal-directed modifications in the neural control of walking, a process called adaptive plasticity.
