ABSTRACT
There were two reasons reform and opening up proceeded as smoothly and successfully as it did. One was that it settled upon a market-economy orientation and then basically did not alter course. There were of course “way stations” along the way of “changing tracks” from one system to another, which included such things as “taking the planned economy as primary and using market regulation as supplementary,” 1 “having a planned commodity economy,” 2 and “having an integrated combination of planned and market mechanisms,” 3 but the basic orientation towards the “market track” did not change.
