ABSTRACT
The chapter reviews the material inputs to the construction industry (i.e. those materials that are ultimately embodied in structures) and the wastes associated with materials processing. It also reviews the emissions associated with energy use for purposes of heating, air conditioning, lighting, cooking, and other energy services normally provided within structures. Of the two categories, the latter is more significant in terms of environmental damage. As regards abatement, the most promising strategy for reducing the damages associated with mining and processing the structural materials themselves is increased recycling, especially of metals. Two primary strategies suggest themselves with regard to reducing the environmental impact of energy services. The first is increased end-use efficiency, e.g. by improved design, better thermal insulation, and more efficient equipment, such as refrigerators and compact fluorescent lights. The second primary strategy is to shift as quickly as possible from dependence on fossil fuels for heating and cooking to electricity, especially by utilizing photovoltaic (PV) rooftop units together with heat pumps and microwave cookers. Government intervention may accelerate this shift in various ways, but policy issues are not discussed in this chapter.
