ABSTRACT
Increasingly a consensus embracing practitioners, managers and policy makers has realised that social exclusion has a spatial dimension. In neighbourhoods of high deprivation the various components of exclusion reinforce each other so that everyone in that particular area is affected. Services are poor, there is a sense of physical insecurity because of high crime, housing is overcrowded, levels of political participation are low, and employers and commercial outlets leave the area, so there are few jobs; many residents thus rely on benefits. When a whole area is excluded, such as a public housing
At the end of the chapter you should:
Understand how specific neighbourhoods become excluded from the relative prosperity and opportunity found elsewhere in the town or region of which they are a part
Know certain techniques for building up community strengths or ‘capacity building’ in support of local citizens and organisations determined to shape their own future
Understand the importance of maximising resident participation in any community development project and how to audit levels of participation
Be familiar with approaches and strategies that help local services play a key role in reviving such areas, such as creating partnerships and neighbourhood teams.
