ABSTRACT
Apart from the remarkable-and seriously undocumentedNorman rising of 996, most of the peasant movements we have so far considered, which existed for the realization of basic class needs, were localized geographically and limited in scope. These were usually individual village movements aimed at altering the balance of the relationships between the peasant community and the individual lord, rather than transforming or abolishing those relationships. The most that was achieved-and it was not inconsiderable-was a form of self-government analogous to that of the urban communes under the leadership of the richer peasants, whose struggle came from the same source that gave strength to the towns in their struggle for autonomy, namely, production for the market.
