ABSTRACT

To understand Consideration should be centred on

Where the roots of ocean governance may be found

The rise of modern society, in the late eighteenth century

How the principles of ocean governance may be designed

The rise of post-modern society, in the 1970s

How ocean resource exploitation has evolved

The development of modern society, 1760s to 1970s

What targets ocean resource exploitation is being directed towards

The take-off of post-modern society, 1970s to 1990s

What political trigger developments in ocean governance have already been implemented

The UN international conferences from the 1970s to 1990s

What economic factors have arisen The globalisation process The influence of physical and ecological factors

The global change process

How culture has influenced policy The rise of the sustainable development concept

Which ocean sciences have the greatest influence in the twenty-first century

Life, management and engineering sciences

How many fields ocean governance consists of

The global, multi-national, and national scales of governance

the first steam-propelled iron vessels to sail in Atlantic waters, and their race marked the beginning of modern society in the ocean. In 1996, the first fully cellular vessels leaving North America’s Eastern seaboard and heading for Europe, heralded the start of the so-called ‘Atlantic Battle’ – the fight for control of the deep-sea container routes between the United States and Western Europe. This event marked the beginning of a profound transformation of the modern ocean, accomplished within the space of just a few years, and the subsequent rise of the post-modern ocean.