ABSTRACT
Transportation terminals and process facilities for production of oil from major new offshore sources are, for economic reasons, located in coastal zones. Coastal zones also have large population centers, prime agricultural land, beaches and vital wetlands. To protect health of residents and sensitive estuarine ecosystems, criteria for siting and controlling new, existing and expanding industry in the USA is through a complex system of local, state, regional and federal interests. The United States Environmental Protection Agency particularly covers air and water quality and management of hazardous wastes and toxic substances. Despite regulations many health and environmental problems continue to arise unmitigated. Generally in the USA, land-use planning programs are rejected in favor of corporate management and planning. However, where local support is strong, industrial siting can extend to secondary impacts such as community development and socio-economic benefits. American experience supports development of international agreements on pollution control measures and the sharing of knowledge among nations.
