ABSTRACT

In 1996, the authors of this chapter and their colleagues at the H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center were the first to report using a combination of radioisotope (technetium-99m-sulfur colloid) and blue dye (isosulfan blue) to map the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast-cancer patients.1 Based upon that initial experience with 62 patients and the subsequent results of more than 1700 SLN procedures,2-4 we, and an increasing number of other investigators, strongly endorse this combined methodology.