ABSTRACT
The industrial revolution dramatically increased the numbers of Europeans living in cities. From 1800 to 1890 the percentages of people living in cities larger than 20,000 doubled in Belgium and France, tripled in European Russia, and quadrupled in Germany. The undisputed leader in this process was Britain, the first nation to industrialize. Industrial cities like Manchester and Liverpool grew by roughly 500 percent and 700 percent, respectively, during the 19th century, and London expanded from one million to five million inhabitants. By the end of the century a majority of the British people lived in cities.
