ABSTRACT
Haidl et al.39 investigated and described a new classification for flagellar disturbances with respect to sperm motility. This classification is an attempt to comprehend both the origin and the severity of tail defects and includes (a) disturbances of the midpiece; (b) shaft irregularities as identified by abnormal staining during Papanicolaou’s or Shorr’s technique; (c) structural shaft defects; (d) breaking and coiling; and (e) short or rudimentary tails. Similar findings were reported by Chemes31, who attributed flagellar structural abnormalities to be responsible for most cases of severe athenozoospermia.
