ABSTRACT
In 1888, Tizzoni and Poggi transplanted ureters into an isolated loop of ileum interposed between the ureters and the urethra in a canine that was reportedly continent and expired 30 months postoperatively after three successful pregnancies.1 This groundbreaking work marks the origins of interest in orthotopic reconstruction of the bladder for urinary diversion after cystectomy. Lemoine first used the procedure in humans in 1913.2 Initially, cystectomy was performed with ureteral reimplantation into the rectum. Due to complications from recurrent pyelonephritis, the rectal segment was transected and anastomosed to the urethra followed by sigmoid-anal anastomosis.
