ABSTRACT
There is a wide range in normality for limb shape and the development of gait. Even where it is outside the normal range, a problem may be a cosmetic rather than functional one.
1. Congenital abnormalities may be isolated or associated with other abnormalities. They may lead to obvious deformity (such as hemi vertebrae) or may be picked up incidentally on imaging (such as ‘butterfly’ vertebrae in Alagille syndrome). Syndromes which include spinal abnormalities include Klippel-Feil, the mucopoly-saccharridoses and VATER anomaly.
