ABSTRACT
The last century witnessed the growth of the most complex global organizations humankind has ever known. As these organizations grew, theories of management emerged which spoke to the concerns and anxieties around their size and power. It is not surprising that again and again such theories sought a basis in the natural sciences on which to found their legitimacy. The reason for this can easily be seen in the status that the scientist has acquired in modernist society. The early scientific management theories of Taylor and Fayol were the first to apply principles of the natural sciences to the management of organizations and
in doing so set powerful precedents, which are influential to this day. The organization was split into a number of activities and management was defined as the activities of forecasting, planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling through setting rules that others were to follow. In the hierarchy, rational thought and justification were at the head of the pyramid, just as thinking powers were located in the individual brain by rationalist thinkers.
