ABSTRACT

In December 1995, in an attempt to lend substance to Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN), Association of South-East Asian Nations' (ASEAN) heads of government concluded a treaty purporting to establish a nuclear weapon free-zone in Southeast Asia. At the meeting of ASEAN foreign ministers in Singapore in July 1999, only passing reference was made to ZOPFAN in noting consultations with nuclear weapon states over their accession to the protocol to the South-East Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty. Indonesia's strong objection to virtual policing rights being accorded to outside powers was primarily responsible for collective endorsement of an alternative proposal allocating exclusive responsibility for managing regional order to regional states. The Kuala Lumpur Declaration of the ZOPFAN formula was adopted officially as corporate policy at the Bali Summit, the first meeting of ASEAN's heads of government held in February 1976 when it was included within a Declaration of ASEAN Concord.