ABSTRACT
Intake gates are designed for automatic closure by gravity, under unbalanced pressure conditions, in the event of turbine runaway, or to shut down the water flow if a penstock should fail. Fixed-wheel and caterpillar gates are among the most frequently used in intakes. Radial gates are also found in some projects, such as Paulo Afonso I, II and III, in Brazil, and Macagua I, in Venezuela.
