Who's Who in Europe 1450-1750

Abravanel, Isaac

Acarie, Barbe

Acontius, Jacob

Acosta, José de

Acquaviva, Claudio

Adam, Robert

Addison, Joseph

Adrian VI

Agreda, María Jesús de

Agricola, Georg

Agrippa of Nettesheim, Cornelius

Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd duke of

Alberoni, Giulio

Albert of Austria, archduke

Albert of Brandenburg

Albert, margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Albuquerque, Affonso d'

Alciato (Alciati), Andrea

Alemán, Mateo

Alembert, Jean Le Rond, known as d'

Alexander VI

Alexander VII

Alexander VIII

Alexei I

Allen, William

Althusius (Althaus), Johannes

Amelot, Michel-Jean, marquis de Gournay

Amerbach, Bonifacius

Amyraut, Moïse

Andreä, Johann Valentin

Angelico, Frate Giovanni di Fiesole

Anguisciola (Anguissola), Sofonisba

Anjou, Françis de Valois, duke d'Alençon, later (from 1576) duke d'

Anne of Austria

Anne of Denmark

Anne Stuart

Annese, Gennaro

Antoine de Bourbon

Antonio, prior of Crato

Aretino, Pietro

Argenson, Marc René, marquis de

Argyll, earls and dukes of 8th earl and 1st marquis, Archibald Campbell

9th earl, Archibald Campbell

10th earl and 1st duke, Archibald Campbell

2nd duke, John Campbell

Arias Montano, Benito

Ariosto, Ludovico

Arminius

Arnauld, Angélique

Arnauld, Antoine

Arnauld, Antoine

Arnauld, Jeanne

Arnim, Hans Georg von

Aske, Robert

Askew, Anne

Atterbury, Francis

Aubigné, Théodore-Agrippa d'

Augustus II

Avvakum

Azpilcueta, Martín de

Ba'al Shem Tov

Babington, Antony

Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel

Bach, Johann Christian

Bach, Johann Sebastian

Bacon, Francis, baron Verulam, viscount St Alban

Bancroft, Richard

Banér, Johan Gustafsson

Barbarossa, Khair ad-Din

Baronio, Cesare

Bart, Jean

Bassompierre, François de

Báthory, Elizabeth

Báthory, Stephen (István)

Baxter, Richard

Bayard, Pierre Terrail, seigneur of

Bayle, Pierre

Beaton, David

Beaufort, Lady Margaret

Bedford, earls of

1st earl, John Russell

2nd earl, Francis Russell

4th earl, Francis Russell

5th earl and 1st duke, William Russell

Behn, Aphra

Bellarmine, Robert

Bembo, Pietro

Benedict XIV

Bering, Vitus Jonassen

Berkeley, George

Bernard (Bernhard), duke of Saxe Weimar

Bernard, Samuel

Bernini, Gianlorenzo

Bérulle, Pierre de

Berwick, James Fitz-James, 1st duke of

Bethlen Gábor

Beza (Bèze), Théodore de

Biron, Armand de Gontaut, baron de

Biron, Charles de Gontaut, duke de

Blake, Robert

Boabdil,

Bocskai, Stephen

Bodin, Jean

Bodley, Sir Thomas

Boehme, Jakob

Boerhaave, Herman

Boileau, Nicolas

Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de

Boleyn, Anne

Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st viscount

Bolotnikov, Ivan Isaevich

Bonner, Edmund

Bonneval, Claude, count de

Borelli, Giovanni (or Gian) Alfonso

Borgia

Borgia, Cesare

Borgia, Lucrezia

Borja, Francisco de

Borromeo, Carlo

Bosch, Hieronymus

Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne

Botero, Giovanni

Bothwell, earls of 4th earl, James Hepburn

5th earl, Francis Stuart Hepburn

Botticelli, Sandro

Boufflers, Louis François, marquis then duke de

Bouillon, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, viscount Turenne and 1st duke de

Bourbon

Charles II, 8th duke de Bourbon,

Charles, cardinal of Bourbon

Louis Henri, duke de Bourbon, and 7th prince de Condé

Boyle, Robert

Bradley, James

Brahe, Tycho

Bramante, Donato

Brant, Sebastian

BrantÔme, Pierre de Bourdeille, abbé and lord of

Bravo, Juan

Brenz, Johannes

Browne, Sir Thomas

Bruegel, Pieter the Elder

Brulart, Nicolas, marquis de Sillery

Brulart, Pierre

Brunelleschi, Filippo

Bruno, Giordano

Bucer (Butzer), Martin

Buchanan, George

Buckingham, dukes of 1st duke, George Villiers

2nd duke, George Villiers

Budé, Guillaume

Buffon, Georges Louis Lederc, count de

Bugenhagen, Johannes

Bullinger, Henry

Bunyan, John

Burnet, Gilbert

Buxtehude, Dietrich

Byng, George, viscount Torrington

Byrd, William

Cabot, John

Cabot, Sebastian

Cajetan (Gaetano), Tommaso de Vio, cardinal

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro

Calixtus III

Calvin, John

Camoens, Luis Vaz de

Campanella, Tommaso

Campillo, José del

Campion, Edmund

Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal)

Canisius, Peter

Cano, Melchor

Capito (Köpfel), Wolfgang Faber

Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi)

Carissimi, Giacomo

Carlo Emanuele I the Great

Carlos, Don

Carranza, Bartolomé

Carteret, John lord, 1st earl Granville

Carrier, Jacques

Cartwright, Thomas

Casas, Bartolomé de las

Castellion, Sébastien

Castiglione, Baidassare

Catherine I

Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Braganza

Catherine of Genoa

Catherine de Médicis

Catinai, Nicolas

Cats, Jacob

Caxton, William

Cecil, Robert, 1st earl of Salisbury

Cecil, William, lord Burghley

Cellini, Benvenuto

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de

Chamillart, Michel de

Champaigne, Philippe de

Champlain, Samuel de

Chantal, Jeanne Françoise de, baroness de Chantal

Chapuys, Eustache

Charles I Stuart

Charles II Habsburg

Charles II Stuart

Charles III

Charles V of Habsburg

Charles VI

Charles VIII of France

Charles IX

Charles IX Vasa

Charles X Gustav Vasa

Charles XI Vasa

Charles XII Vasa

Charles the Bold

Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan, duchess de

Child, Sir Josiah

Chippendale, Thomas

Christian IV

Christian, prince of Anhalt-Bernburg

Christina Vasa

Cinq-Mars, Henri Coiffier de Ruzé d'Ef-fiat, marquis de

Cisneros, Francisco Jiménez de

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of

Claris, Pau

Claude (le) Lorrain

Clement VII

Clement XI

Clément, Jacques

Cobos, Francisco de los

Coen, Jan Pieterszoon

Coke, Sir Edward

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

Colet, John

Coligny, Gaspard II, count de

Colonna, Vittoria

Columbus, Christopher

Comenius

Commynes, Philippe van den Clyte, seigneur de

Concini, Concino, marshal d'Ancre

Condé, Henry II de Bourbon, 3rd prince de

Condé, Louis I de Bourbon, 1st prince de

Condé, Louis II de Bourbon, 4th prince de

Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de

Congreve, William

Contarini, Gasparo

Conti, Armand de Bourbon, prince de

Conti, François Louis, prince de

Coornhert, Dirck Volckertszoon

Copernicus, Nicolaus

Copley, John Singleton

Corelli, Arcangelo

Corneille, Pierre

Cortés, Hernán

Costa, Uriel da

Couperin, François

Coverdale, Miles

Cranach, Lucas the Elder

Cranfield, Lionel

Cranmer, Thomas

Croissy, Charles Colbert, marquis de

Cromwell, Henry

Cromwell, Oliver

Cromwell, Richard

Cromwell, Thomas

Croy, Charles de, 4th duke of Aerschot

Croy, Guillaume de

Croy, Philip II de, duke of Aerschot

Cumberland, William Augustus, duke of

Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien de

Dampier, William

Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st earl of, and 1st duke of Leeds

Darnley, Henry Stuart, lord

Dathenus, Pieter

Davenant, Charles

De Bay (Baius), Michel

De Geer, Louis

De la Court, Pieter

De la Gardie, Jacob, count

De la Gardie, Magnus Gabriel, count

De Ruyter, Michiel Adriaanszoon

Dee, John

Defoe, Daniel

Del Cano (or, de Elcano), Sebastian

Del Río, Martín

Descartes (Cartesius), René

Desmarets, Nicolas, sieur de Maillebois

Diane de Poitiers

Dias, Bartolomeu

Dmitri

Dolet, Etienne

Donatello

Donne, John

Doria

Andrea Doria

Gian Andrea Doria

Dowland, John

Drake, Sir Francis

Dryden, John

Du Bellay, Joachim

Du Plessis-Mornay, Philippe

Dudley, John, earl of Warwick and duke of Northumberland

Dufay, Guillaume

Dumoulin, Charles

Dürer, Albrecht

Eboli, Ana de Mendoza y Guzmán, princess of

Eboli, Ruy Gómez de Silva, prince of

Eck, Johann Maier of

Edward IV

Edward V

Edward VI

Egmont, Lamoral, 4th count of

Eliot, Sir John

Elizabeth I Tudor

Elizabeth Romanov

Elizabeth Stuart

Elsevier, Louis

Emanuele Filiberto, duke of Savoy

Ensenada, Zenón de Somodevilla, marquis of

Epernon, Jean-Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, duke d'

Episcopius, Simon

Erasmus, Desiderius

Erastus, Thomas

Erik XIV Vasa

Ernst Augustus

Espinosa, Diego de

Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st earl of

Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of

Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd earl of

Este

Alfonso I Este

Alfonso II Este

Beatrice Este

Borso Este

Ercole I Este

Ippolito Este

Isabella Este

Estienne, Henri

Estienne, Robert

Eugène of Savoy-Carignan, prince of Savoy

Evelyn, John

Fairfax, Thomas, 3rd baron Fairfax

Farel, Guillaume

Farinelli

Farnese, Alessandro

Farnese, Elizabeth

Fawkes, Guy

Feijoo, Benito

Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe

Ferdinand I

Ferdinand II

Ferdinand II of Trastámara

Ferdinand VI

Ferdinand of Austria, the cardinal infante

Fermat, Pierre de

Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo

Ferrante (Ferdinand) I of Naples

Feuquières, Isaac Manassès de Pas, marquis de

Ficino, Marsilio

Fielding, Henry

Filaret, patriarch

Filmer, Sir Robert

Fisher, John

Flamsteed, John

Fleury, Hercule de, cardinal

Fludd, Robert

Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier, sieur

Fouquet, Nicolas

Fox George

Foxe, John

Francis I of Valois

Francis II of Brittany

Francis II of Valois

Francis III of Lorraine, emperor as Francis (Franz) I

Francis de Sales

Franck, Sebastian

Frederick I Hohenzollern

Frederick III of Habsburg

Frederick III the Wise

Frederick V of Wittelsbach

Frederick Henry, prince of Orange and count of Nassau

Frederick Louis, prince of Wales

Frederick William of Hohenzollern

Frederick William I of Hohenzollern

Frederik I of Denmark

Frederik I of Sweden

Frederik II of Denmark

Frescobaldi, Girolamo

Froben, Hieronymus

Froben, Johann

Frobisher, Sir Martin

Fugger

Jakob II Fugger

Anton Fugger

Gabrieli, Giovanni

Gabrielle d'Estrées

Gainsborough, Thomas

Galilei, Galileo

Gallas, Matthias

Galway, Henri de Massue, marquis de Ruvigny, 1st earl of

Gama, Vasco da, 1st count da Gama

Gardiner, Stephen

Garrick, David

Gassendi (Gassend), Pierre

Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, duke d'Orléans

Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio di

Gentileschi, Artemesia

George I (Georg I Ludwig)

George II (Georg II Augustus)

George William of Hohenzollern

Gérard, Balthasar

Gesualdo, Carlo

Gibbons, Orlando

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey

Gilbert, William

Glanvill, Joseph

Godolphin, Sidney, 1st earl of

Godunov, Boris Fyodorovich

Goes, Damião de

Golitsyn, prince Vasily

Gomarus (Goemaere), François

Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, count of

Gonzaga, Charles I

Gracián, Baltasar

Grandier, Urbain

Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, lord of

Greco, El

Gregory XIII

Gresham, Sir Thomas

Grey, Lady Jane

Griffenfeld, Peter Schumacher, count

Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob von

Grindal, Edmund

Grotius, Hugo

Guevara, Fray Antonio de

Guicciardini, Francesco

Guise, dukes de

1st duke, Claude of Lorraine

2nd duke, Francis I of Lorraine

3rd duke, Henry I of Lorraine

Gustav I Vasa

Gustav II Adolf Vasa

Guyon, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de La Motte, madame

Gwyn, Nell

Gyllenstierna, Johan, count

Hakluyt, Richard

Hales, Stephen

Halifax, Charles Montagu, 1st earl of

Halifax, George Savile, 1st marquis of

Halley, Edmond

Hamilton, James, 3rd marquis then 1st duke of

Hampden, John

Handel, George Frederick

Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st earl of

Harley, Robert, 1st earl of Oxford

Haro, Luis Méndez de

Harrington, James

Hartlib, Samuel

Harvey, William

Hawkins, Sir John

Heinsius, Antonie

Henrietta Maria

Henry I of Portugal

Henry II of Valois

Henry III of Valois

Henry IV Bourbon

Henry IV of Castile,

Henry VII Tudor

Henry VIII Tudor

Herrera, Juan de

Heyn, Piet

Hobbes, Thomas

Hoffman, Melchior

Hogarth, William

Holbein, Hans the Younger

Hooke, Robert

Hooker, Richard

Hopkins, Matthew

Horn, Gustaf, count of Björneborg

Hornes, Philip of Montmorency, count of

Hotman, François

Howard, Charles, lord of Effingham and earl of Nottingham

Hubmaier, Balthasar

Hudson, Henry

Hume, David

Hut, Hans

Hutten, Ulrich von

Hutter, Jakob

Huygens, Christiaan

Ignatius of Loyola

Innocent VIII

Innocent XI

Ireton, Henry

Isabel Clara Eugenia

Isabella the Catholic

Ivan III Vasilievich

Ivan IV

James II Stuart

James IV Stuart

James V Stuart

James VI and I Stuart

Jansen, Cornells Otto

Jeanne III d'Albret

Jeannin, Pierre

Jeffreys, George

Jenatsch, Jörg

Jewel, John

John II

John III Vasa

John IV

John (Johann) Casimir

John Casimir Vasa

John of the Cross, St

John Frederick

John Frederick II

John George I

John of Leiden

Johnson, Samuel

Jones, Inigo

Jonson, Ben

Joseph, father

Josquin des Prez

Joyeus Anne, duke de Joyeuse

Francis Joyeuse

Henry, duke de Joyeuse

Juan of Austria

Juan José of Austria

Juana ‘the Mad’

Julius II

Julius III

Junius (Du Jon), François

Jurieu, Pierre

Karlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von

Karo (or Caro), Joseph

Kepler, Johannes

Ket, Robert

Khmelnitsky, Bohdan

King, Gregory

Knox, John

Königsmark, Aurora, countess von

Königsmark, Hans Christopher, count von

Kurbsky, Andrei Mikhailovich, prince

La Bruyère, Jean de

La Chaise, François d'Aix de (père La Chaise)

La Fayette, Madame Marie Madeleine de

La Fontaine, Jean de

La Noue, François de

La Rochefoucauld, François VI, prince de Marcillac and (from 1650) 2nd duke de

La Salle, Jean-Baptiste de

La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de

La Tour, Georges Dumësnil

La Vallière, Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc, duchess de

Laffemas, Barthélemy de

Laínez, Diego

Lassus, Orlande

Latimer, Hugh

Laud, William

Lauderdale, John Maitland, 2nd earl of and (from 1672) 1st duke of

Law, John

Law, William

Le Nôtre, André

Le Tellier, Michel

Lebrun, Charles

Leeuwenhoek, Antony van

Lefèvre d'Étaples, Jacques

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm

Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of

Leo X

León, Fray Luis de

Leonardo da Vinci

Leopold I

Lerma, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, marquis of Denia then duke of

Lesdiguières, François de Bonne, duke de

Leslie, Alexander, 1st earl of Leven

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim

L'Estoile, Pierre de

L'Hospital, Michel de

Lilburne, John

Limborch, Philip van

Linnaeus, Carolus

Lionne, Hugues de

Lipsius, Justus

Lisola, Franz Paul, Freiherr von

Locke, John

Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilievich

Longueville, Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, duchess of

Lope de Vega Carpio, Felix

Louis XI

Louis XII

Louis XIII

Louis XIV

Louis XV

Louis of Nassau

Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, marquis de

Lully, Jean-Baptiste

Luther, Martin

Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duke de

Luynes, Charles d'Albert, duke de

Mabillon, Jean

Macanaz, Melchor de

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Magellan, Ferdinand

Maine, Louis Auguste de Bourbon, duke de

Maintenon, Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de

Maitland of Lethington, Sir William

Malebranche, Nicolas

Malherbe, François de

Manasseh ben Israel

Mancini sisters

Hortense Mancini

Laura Mancini

Marie Mancini

Marie-Anne Mancini

Olympia Mancini

Mandeville, Bernard de

Mansfeld, Ernst, count von

Mantegna, Andrea

Manuel I ‘the Fortunate’

Manutius, Aldus

Mar, earls of

1st earl, John Erskine

2nd earl, John Erskine

6th earl, John Erskine

Marenzio, Luca

Margaret of Austria

Margaret of Parma

Marguerite of Navarre (or, of Angoulême)

Marguerite of Valois (Margot)

Mariana, Juan de

Marie de Médicis

Marillac

Louis de Marillac

Louise de Marillac

Michel de Marillac

Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st duke of

Marlowe, Christopher

Marnix, Philippe de, seigneur de Sainte-Aldegonde

Marvell, Andrew

Mary I Tudor

Mary II Stuart

Mary of Burgundy

Mary of Guise

Mary of Hungary